一、基础知识

1.1 标准定义

(汉语大辞典官方定义)标准是对重复性事物和概念所做的统一规定，它以科学技术和实践经验的结合成果为基础，经有关方面协商一致，由主管机构批准，以特定形式发布作为共同遵守的准则和依据。

1.2 标准分类

标准的分类方法较多，通常按照级别可分为国际标准、国家标准、行业标准、区域/地方标准和企业标准等。

1.2.1 国际标准

国际标准是指由国际联合机构制定和公布，提供各国参考的标准，比较有代表性的有 IEC 和 ISO。

  • IEC 是国际电工委员会的缩写。其全称是 International Electro Technical Commission。 IEC 是非政府性国际组织，是联合国社会经济理事会的甲级咨询机构，正式成立于1906年成月，是世界上成立最早的专门国际标准化机构。这个国际标准化组织制订的标准，主要是电工领域的国际标准。

  • ISO 是国际标准化组织的英语简称。其全称是 International Organization for Standardization 或 International Standard Organized。ISO 比 IEC 的标准范围更加广泛。ISO建立了“计算机与信息处理技术委员会”, 简称ISO/TC97，专门负责与计算机有关的标准化工作。这一标准通常冠有 ISO 字样，如 ISO 8631－86 Information processing_program constructs and conventions for their representation《信息处理──程序构造及其表示法的约定》。该标准现已由中国收入国家标准。

1.2.2 国家标准

国家标准是指由政府或国家级的机构制定或批准，适用于全国范围的标准，通常以 GB 开头，GB 即“国标”的汉语拼音缩写，指中华人民共和国国家标准，由国标委制定，国家质量监督检验检疫总局批准和公布。国家标准的编号由国家标准的代号、国标标准发布的顺序号和国家标准发布的年号（发布年份）构成。包含强制性（GB）、推荐性（GB/T）和指导性（GB/Z）等。软件工程领域的全部国家标准均为非强制性国标（GB/T、GB/Z）。

1.2.3 行业标准

行业标准是指由行业机构、学术团队或国防机构制定，并适用于某个业务领域的标准，比较有代表性的是 IEEE（美国电气和电子工程师协会），其全称是 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers。美国电气和电子工程师协会是一个国际性的电子技术与信息科学工程师的协会，该协会覆盖 150 多个国家，和 IEC 比较类似，但更大更全，制订的标准涉及太空、计算机、电信、生物医学、电力及消费性电子产品等领域。

1.2.4 区域/地方标准

区域/地方标准是指由区域性国际联合机构制定和公布，提供区域内各国参考和执行的标准。比如：ARS（非洲地区标准）、ASMO（阿拉伯标准）、EN（欧洲标准）、ETS（欧洲电信标准）、PAS（泛美标准）；国内地方标准是指由省、自治区、直辖市标准化行政主管部门制定，并报国务院标准化行政主管部门和国务院有关行政主管部门备案，仅适用于本地的标准。

1.2.5 企业标准

企业标准是指一些大企业或机构，由于工作需要制定的适用于本企业或机构的标准，比如：美国IBM公司通用产品部1984年制定的《程序设计开发指南》，仅供该公司内部使用。

1.3 软件工程

软件工程一直以来都缺乏一个统一的定义，很多学者、组织机构都分别给出了自己的定义。

  • BarryBoehm：运用现代科学技术知识来设计并构造计算机程序及为开发、运行和维护这些程序所必需的相关文件资料。
  • IEEE：在软件工程术语汇编中的定义：软件工程是：1.将系统化的、严格约束的、可量化的方法应用于软件的开发、运行和维护，即将工程化应用于软件；2.在1中所述方法的研究
  • FritzBauer：在NATO会议上给出的定义：建立并使用完善的工程化原则，以较经济的手段获得能在实际机器上有效运行的可靠软件的一系列方法。
  • 《计算机科学技术百科全书》：软件工程是应用计算机科学、数学、逻辑学及管理科学等原理，开发软件的工程。软件工程借鉴传统工程的原则、方法，以提高质量、降低成本和改进算法。其中，计算机科学、数学用于构建模型与算法，工程科学用于制定规范、设计范型(paradigm)、评估成本及确定权衡，管理科学用于计划、资源、质量、成本等管理。

比较认可的一种定义认为：软件工程是研究和应用如何以系统性的、规范化的、可定量的过程化方法去开发和维护软件，以及如何把经过时间考验而证明正确的管理技术和当前能够得到的最好的技术方法结合起来。

软件工程知识体系可以参考《软件工程知识体系（SWEBOK）指南》。该指南是 IEEE 计算机学会（IEEE Computer Society）职业实践委员会（Professional Practices Committee）主持的一个项目。建立软件工程知识体系（SWEBOK）指南有下面 5 个目的：

  • （1）促进世界范围内对软件工程的一致观点；
  • （2）阐明软件工程相对其它学科（如计算机科学、项目管理、计算机工程和数学等）的位置并确立它们的分界；
  • （3）刻画软件工程学科的内容；
  • （4）提供使用知识体系的主题；
  • （5）为开发课程表和个人认证与许可材料，提供一个基础。

工程知识体系（SWEBOK）指南(v3)把软件工程划分为 4 个教育基础知识域、11 个实践知识域和 7 个辅助学科领域。其中实践知识域是软件工程的中心，在企业实践过程中，通常把前 5 个实践知识域的内容划入软件构建的五个阶段，受软件工程模型和方法差异选择的影响，这五个阶段并非是一成不变的。

各个实践知识域主要关注的内容如下：

  • （1）软件需求：需求获取、需求分析、需求描述、需求确认、需求跟踪、需求验证、需求澄清、需求变更、需求控制等；
  • （2）软件设计：概要设计（体系结构、组件、接口、特征过程）、详细设计等；
  • （3）软件构造：程序编码等；
  • （4）软件测试：单元测试、集成测试等；
  • （5）软件维护：问题响应、问题分析、问题处理等；
  • （6）软件配置管理：配置过程、配置控制、版本管理等；
  • （7）软件工程管理：启动、规划、实施、监控、结束等；
  • （8）软件工程过程：过程定义、过程改进等；
  • （9）软件工程模型和方法：常用的模型如瀑布模型、快速原型模型、增量模型、螺旋模型、迭代模型、统一过程模型、敏捷模型等；
  • （10）软件质量：目标、评审、总结报告等；
  • （11）软件工程职业实践：选择性知识、经验积累。

二、软件工程标准

2.1 为什么需要软件工程标准

在开发一个软件时，需要有许多层次、不同分工的人员相互配合；在开发项目的各个部分以及各开发阶段之间也都存在着许多联系和衔接问题。如何把这些错综复杂的关系协调好，需要有一系列统一的约束和规定。在软件开发项目取得阶段成果或最后完成时，还需要进行阶段评审和验收测试。投入运行的软件，其维护工作中遇到的问题又与开发工作有着密切的关系。软件的管理工作则渗透到软件生存期的每一个环节。所有这些都要求提供统一的行为规范和衡量准则，使得各种工作都能有章可循。

软件工程的标准化会给软件工作带来许多好处，比如：

  • 可提高软件的可靠性、可维护性和可移植性；
  • 可提高软件的生产率；
  • 可提高软件人员的技术水平；
  • 可提高软件人员之间的通信效率，减少差错和误解；
  • 有利于软件管理；
  • 有利于降低软件产品的成本和运行维护成本；
  • 有利于缩短软件开发周期。

2.2 软件工程国家标准

软件国家标准可参考《计算机软件工程国家标准汇编》系列书籍。

标准代号 标准名称
GB/T 1526—1989 信息处理 数据流程图、程序流程图、系统流程图、程序网络图和系统资源图的文件编制符号及约定
GB/T 11457—2006 信息技术 软件工程术语
GB/T 13502—1992 信息处理 程序构造及其表示的约定
GB/T 14085—1993 信息处理系统 计算机系统配置图符号及约定
GB/T 15535—1995 信息处理 单命中判定表规范
GB/T 18234—2000 信息技术 CASE工具的评价与选择指南
GB/T 18492—2001 信息技术 系统及软件完整性级别
GB/Z 18914—2002 信息技术 软件工程 CASE工具的采用指南
GB/T 19003—2008 软件工程 GB/T 19001—2000应用于计算机软件的指南
GB/T 25644—2010 信息技术 软件工程 可复用资产规范
GB/T 262361—2010 信息技术 软件资产管理 部分：过程
GB/T 8566–2007 信息技术软件生存周期过程
GB/T 8567–2006 计算机软件文档编制规范
GB/T 9385–2008 计算机软件需求规格说明规范
GB/T 9386–2008 计算机软件测试文档编制规范
GB/T l5532–2008 计算机软件测试规范
GB/T l6680–1996 软件文档管理指南
GB/Z l8493–2001 信息技术软件生存周期过程指南
GB/Z 20156–2006 软件工程 软件生存周期过程用于项目管理的指南
GB/T 20157–2006 信息技术软件维护
GB/T 20158–2006 信息技术软件生存周期过程配置管理
GB/T 20918–2007 信息技术 软件生存周期过程 风险管理
GB/T 26223–2010 信息技术 软件重用 重用库互操作性的数据模型基本互操作性数据模型
GB/T 26224–2010 信息技术软件生存周期过程重用过程
GB/T 26239–2010 软件工程开发方法元模型
GB/Z 26247–2010 信息技术 软件重用 互操作重用库的操作概念
GB/T 14394—2008 计算机软件可靠性和可维护性管理
GB/T 16260.1—2006 软件工程 产品质量 部分：质量模型
GB/T 16260.2—2006 软件工程 产品质量 第2部分：外部度量
GB/T 16260.3—2006 软件工程 产品质量 第3部分：内部度量
GB/T 16260.4—2006 软件工程 产品质量 第4部分：使用质量的度量
GB/T 18491.1—2001 信息技术 软件测量 功能规模测量 部分：概念定义
GB/T 18491.2—2010 信息技术 软件测量 功能规模测量第2部分：软件规模测量方法与GB/T 18491.1—2001的符合性评价
GB/T 18491.3—2010 信息技术 软件测量 功能规模测量 第3部分：功能规模测量方法的验证
GB/T 18491.4—2010 信息技术 软件测量 功能规模测量 第4部分：基准模型
GB/T 18491.5—2010 信息技术 软件测量 功能规模测量 第5部分：功能规模测量的功能域确定
GB/T 18491.6—2010 信息技术 软件测量 功能规模测量 第6部分：GB/T18491系列标准和相关标准的使用指南
GB/T 18905.1—2002 软件工程 产品评价 部分：概述
GB/T 18905.2—2002 软件工程 产品评价 第2部分：策划和管理
GB/T 18905.3—2002 软件工程 产品评价 第3部分：开发者用的过程
GB/T 18905.4—2002 软件工程 产品评价 第4部分：需方用的过程
GB/T 18905.5—2002 软件工程 产品评价 第5部分：评价者用的过程
GB/T 18905.6—2002 软件工程 产品评价 第6部分：评价模块的文档编制
GB/T 20917—2007 软件工程 软件测量过程
GB/T 25000.1—2010 软件工程 软件产品质量要求与评价(SQuaRE)SQuaRE指南
GB/T 25000.51—2010 软件工程 软件产品质量要求与评价(SQuaRE)商业现货(COTS)软件产品的质量要求和细则

2.3 软件工程国际标准及行业标准

软件国际标准及行业标准可参考 www.iso.org/ics/35.080/x/ 网站列表。

标准代号 标准名称
ISO/IEC 5055:2021 Information technology — Software measurement — Software quality measurement — Automated source code quality measures
ISO 5806:1984 Information processing — Specification of single-hit decision tables
ISO 5807:1985 Information processing — Documentation symbols and conventions for data, program and system flowcharts, program network charts and system resources charts
ISO/IEC 5962:2021 Information technology — SPDX® Specification V2.2.1
ISO/IEC 8211:1994 Information technology — Specification for a data descriptive file for information interchange
ISO/IEC 8631:1989 Information technology — Program constructs and conventions for their representation
ISO 8790:1987 Information processing systems — Computer system configuration diagram symbols and conventions
ISO/IEC 10746-1:1998 Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Reference model: Overview — Part 1:
ISO/IEC 10746-2:2009 Information technology — Open distributed processing — Reference model: Foundations — Part 2:
ISO/IEC 10746-3:2009 Information technology — Open distributed processing — Reference model: Architecture — Part 3:
ISO/IEC 10746-4:1998 Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Reference Model: Architectural semantics — Part 4:
ISO/IEC 10746-4:1998/Amd 1:2001 Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Reference Model: Architectural semantics — Part 4: — Amendment 1: Computational formalization
ISO/IEC 11411:1995 Information technology — Representation for human communication of state transition of software
ISO/IEC TR 12182:2015 Systems and software engineering — Framework for categorization of IT systems and software, and guide for applying it
ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207-2:2020 Systems and software engineering — Software life cycle processes — Part 2: Relation and mapping between ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207:2017 and ISO/IEC 12207:2008
ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207:2017 Systems and software engineering — Software life cycle processes
ISO/IEC 13235-1:1998 Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Trading function: Specification — Part 1:
ISO/IEC 13235-3:1998 Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Trading Function — Part 3: Provision of Trading Function using OSI Directory service
ISO/IEC 13235-3:1998/Cor 1:2006 Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Trading Function — Part 3: Provision of Trading Function using OSI Directory service — Technical Corrigendum 1
ISO/IEC 13244:1998 Information technology — Open Distributed Management Architecture
ISO/IEC 13244:1998/Amd 1:1999 Information technology — Open Distributed Management Architecture — Amendment 1: Support using Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)
ISO/IEC 13800:1996 Information technology — Procedure for the registration of identifiers and attributes for volume and file structure
ISO/IEC 14102:2008 Information technology — Guideline for the evaluation and selection of CASE tools
ISO/IEC 14143-1:2007 Information technology — Software measurement — Functional size measurement — Part 1: Definition of concepts
ISO/IEC 14143-1:2007/Cor 1:2011 Information technology — Software measurement — Functional size measurement — Part 1: Definition of concepts — Technical Corrigendum 1
ISO/IEC 14143-2:2011 Information technology — Software measurement — Functional size measurement — Part 2: Conformity evaluation of software size measurement methods to ISO/IEC 14143-1
ISO/IEC TR 14143-3:2003 Information technology — Software measurement — Functional size measurement — Part 3: Verification of functional size measurement methods
ISO/IEC TR 14143-4:2002 Information technology — Software measurement — Functional size measurement — Part 4: Reference model
ISO/IEC TR 14143-5:2004 Information technology — Software measurement — Functional size measurement — Part 5: Determination of functional domains for use with functional size measurement
ISO/IEC 14143-6:2012 Information technology — Software measurement — Functional size measurement — Part 6: Guide for use of ISO/IEC 14143 series and related International Standards
ISO/IEC TR 14471:2007 Information technology — Software engineering — Guidelines for the adoption of CASE tools
ISO/IEC 14598-6:2001 Software engineering — Product evaluation — Part 6: Documentation of evaluation modules
ISO/IEC 14750:1999 Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Interface Definition Language
ISO/IEC 14752:2000 Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Protocol support for computational interactions
ISO/IEC 14753:1999 Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Interface references and binding
ISO/IEC 14756:1999 Information technology — Measurement and rating of performance of computer-based software systems
ISO/IEC/IEEE 14764:2022 Software engineering — Software life cycle processes — Maintenance
ISO/IEC 14769:2001 Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Type Repository Function
ISO/IEC 14771:1999 Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Naming framework
ISO/IEC 14834:1996 Information technology — Distributed Transaction Processing — The XA Specification
ISO/IEC 14863:1996 Information technology — System-Independent Data Format (SIDF)
ISO/IEC/IEEE 15026-1:2019 Systems and software engineering — Systems and software assurance — Part 1: Concepts and vocabulary
ISO/IEC 15026-2:2011 Systems and software engineering — Systems and software assurance — Part 2: Assurance case
ISO/IEC 15026-3:2015 Systems and software engineering — Systems and software assurance — Part 3: System integrity levels
ISO/IEC/IEEE 15026-4:2021 Systems and software engineering — Systems and software assurance — Part 4: Assurance in the life cycle
ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015 Systems and software engineering — System life cycle processes
ISO/IEC/IEEE 15289:2019 Systems and software engineering — Content of life-cycle information items (documentation)
ISO/IEC 15414:2015 Information technology — Open distributed processing — Reference model — Enterprise language
ISO/IEC 15437:2001 Information technology — Enhancements to LOTOS (E-LOTOS)
ISO/IEC 15474-1:2002 Information technology — CDIF framework — Part 1: Overview
ISO/IEC 15474-2:2002 Information technology — CDIF framework — Part 2: Modelling and extensibility
ISO/IEC 15475-1:2002 Information technology — CDIF transfer format — Part 1: General rules for syntaxes and encodings
ISO/IEC 15475-2:2002 Information technology — CDIF transfer format — Part 2: Syntax SYNTAX.1
ISO/IEC 15475-3:2002 Information technology — CDIF transfer format — Part 3: Encoding ENCODING.1
ISO/IEC 15476-1:2002 Information technology — CDIF semantic metamodel — Part 1: Foundation
ISO/IEC 15476-2:2002 Information technology — CDIF semantic metamodel — Part 2: Common
ISO/IEC 15476-3:2006 Information technology — CDIF semantic metamodel — Part 3: Data definitions
ISO/IEC 15476-4:2005 Information technology — CDIF semantic metamodel — Part 4: Data models
ISO/IEC 15476-6:2006 Information technology — CDIF semantic metamodel — Part 6: State/event models
ISO/IEC TS 15504-10:2011 Information technology — Process assessment — Part 10: Safety extension
ISO/IEC 15909-1:2019 Systems and software engineering — High-level Petri nets — Part 1: Concepts, definitions and graphical notation
ISO/IEC 15909-2:2011 Systems and software engineering — High-level Petri nets — Part 2: Transfer format
ISO/IEC 15909-2:2011/Cor 1:2013 Systems and software engineering — High-level Petri nets — Part 2: Transfer format — Technical Corrigendum 1
ISO/IEC 15909-3:2021 Systems and software engineering — High-level Petri nets — Part 3: Extensions and structuring mechanisms
ISO/IEC/IEEE 15939:2017 Systems and software engineering — Measurement process
ISO/IEC 15940:2013 Systems and software engineering — Software Engineering Environment Services
ISO/IEC/IEEE 16085:2021 Systems and software engineering — Life cycle processes — Risk management
ISO/IEC/IEEE 16326:2019 Systems and software engineering — Life cycle processes — Project management
ISO/IEC 16350:2015 Information technology — Systems and software engineering — Application management
ISO/IEC TR 16351:2019 Information technology — Systems and software engineering — Application management guidance on the relationship between ISO/IEC 16350:2015 and Application Service Library®
ISO/IEC 17998:2012 Information technology — SOA Governance Framework
ISO/IEC TR 18018:2010 Information technology — Systems and software engineering — Guide for configuration management tool capabilities
ISO/IEC 19500-1:2012 Information technology — Object Management Group — Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) — Part 1: Interfaces
ISO/IEC 19500-2:2012 Information technology — Object Management Group — Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) — Part 2: Interoperability
ISO/IEC 19500-3:2012 Information technology — Object Management Group — Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) — Part 3: Components
ISO/IEC 19501:2005 Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Unified Modeling Language (UML) Version 1.4.2
ISO/IEC 19506:2012 Information technology — Object Management Group Architecture-Driven Modernization (ADM) — Knowledge Discovery Meta-Model (KDM)
ISO/IEC 19513:2017 Information technology — Object Management Group Unified Profile for DoDAF and MODAF (UPDM), 2.1.1
ISO/IEC 19515:2019 Information technology — Object Management Group Automated Function Points (AFP), 1.0
ISO/IEC 19678:2015 Information Technology — BIOS Protection Guidelines
ISO/IEC TR 19759:2015 Software Engineering — Guide to the software engineering body of knowledge (SWEBOK)
ISO/IEC 19761:2011 Software engineering — COSMIC: a functional size measurement method
ISO/IEC 19770-1:2017 Information technology — IT asset management — Part 1: IT asset management systems — Requirements
ISO/IEC 19770-2:2015 Information technology — IT asset management — Part 2: Software identification tag
ISO/IEC 19770-3:2016 Information technology — IT asset management — Part 3: Entitlement schema
ISO/IEC 19770-4:2017 Information technology — IT asset management — Part 4: Resource utilization measurement
ISO/IEC 19770-5:2015 Information technology — IT asset management — Part 5: Overview and vocabulary
ISO/IEC 19770-8:2020 Information technology — IT asset management — Part 8: Guidelines for mapping of industry practices to/from the ISO/IEC 19770 family of standards
ISO/IEC 19770-11:2021 Information technology — IT asset management — Part 11: Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of IT asset management systems
ISO/IEC 19793:2015 Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Use of UML for ODP system specifications
ISO/IEC 20246:2017 Software and systems engineering — Work product reviews
ISO/IEC 20741:2017 Systems and software engineering — Guideline for the evaluation and selection of software engineering tools
ISO/IEC 20926:2009 Software and systems engineering — Software measurement — IFPUG functional size measurement method 2009
ISO/IEC 20968:2002 Software engineering — Mk II Function Point Analysis — Counting Practices Manual
ISO/IEC/IEEE 21839:2019 Systems and software engineering — System of systems (SoS) considerations in life cycle stages of a system
ISO/IEC/IEEE 21840:2019 Systems and software engineering — Guidelines for the utilization of ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 in the context of system of systems (SoS)
ISO/IEC/IEEE 21841:2019 Systems and software engineering — Taxonomy of systems of systems
ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015 Systems and software engineering — Engineering and management of websites for systems, software, and services information
ISO/IEC 23360-1-1:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 1-1: Common definitions
ISO/IEC 23360-1-2:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 1-2: Core specification generic part
ISO/IEC 23360-1-3:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 1-3: Desktop specification generic part
ISO/IEC 23360-1-4:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 1-4: Languages specification
ISO/IEC 23360-1-5:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 1-5: Imaging specification
ISO/IEC 23360-2-2:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 2-2: Core specification for X86-32 architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-2-3:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 2-3: Desktop specification for X86-32 architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-3-2:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 3-2: Core specification for IA64 (Itanium™) architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-3-3:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 3-3: Desktop specification for IA64 (Itanium TM) architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-4-2:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 4-2: Core specification for AMD64 (X86-64) architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-4-3:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 4-3: Desktop specification for AMD64 (X86-64) architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-5-2:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 5-2: Core specification for PowerPC 32 architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-5-3:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 5-3: Desktop specification for PowerPC 32 architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-6-2:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 6-2: Core specification for PowerPC 64 architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-6-3:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 6-3: Desktop specification for PowerPC 64 architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-7-2:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 7-2: Core specification for S390 architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-7-3:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 7-3: Desktop specification for S390 architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-8-2:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 8-2: Core specification for S390X architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-8-3:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 8-3: Desktop specification for S390X architecture
ISO/IEC TS 23360-1-6:2021 Linux Standard Base (LSB) — Part 1-6: Graphics and Gtk3 specification
ISO/IEC 23396:2020 Systems and software engineering — Capabilities of review tools
ISO/IEC 23531:2020 Systems and software engineering — Capabilities of issue management tools
ISO/IEC 23643:2020 Software and systems engineering — Capabilities of software safety and security verification tools
ISO/IEC 24570:2018 Software engineering — NESMA functional size measurement method — Definitions and counting guidelines for the application of function point analysis
ISO/IEC TR 24587:2021 Software and systems engineering — Agile development — Agile adoption considerations
ISO/IEC 24744:2014 Software engineering — Metamodel for development methodologies
ISO/IEC/IEEE 24748-1:2018 Systems and software engineering — Life cycle management — Part 1: Guidelines for life cycle management
ISO/IEC/IEEE 24748-2:2018 Systems and software engineering — Life cycle management — Part 2: Guidelines for the application of ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 (System life cycle processes)
ISO/IEC/IEEE 24748-3:2020 Systems and software engineering — Life cycle management — Part 3: Guidelines for the application of ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207 (software life cycle processes)
ISO/IEC/IEEE 24748-4:2016 Systems and software engineering — Life cycle management — Part 4: Systems engineering planning
ISO/IEC/IEEE 24748-5:2017 Systems and software engineering — Life cycle management — Part 5: Software development planning
ISO/IEC TS 24748-6:2016 Systems and software engineering — Life cycle management — Part 6: System integration engineering
ISO/IEC/IEEE 24748-7:2019 Systems and software engineering — Life cycle management — Part 7: Application of systems engineering on defense programs
ISO/IEC/IEEE 24748-8:2019 Systems and software engineering — Life cycle management — Part 8: Technical reviews and audits on defense programs
ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017 Systems and software engineering — Vocabulary
ISO/IEC TR 24766:2009 Information technology — Systems and software engineering — Guide for requirements engineering tool capabilities
ISO/IEC 24773-1:2019 Software and systems engineering — Certification of software and systems engineering professionals — Part 1: General requirements
ISO/IEC 24773-3:2021 Software and systems engineering — Certification of software and systems engineering professionals — Part 3: Systems engineering
ISO/IEC/IEEE 24774:2021 Systems and software engineering — Life cycle management — Specification for process description
ISO/IEC 25000:2014 Systems and software engineering — Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Guide to SQuaRE
ISO/IEC 25001:2014 Systems and software engineering — Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Planning and management
ISO/IEC 25010:2011 Systems and software engineering — Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — System and software quality models
ISO/IEC TS 25011:2017 Information technology — Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Service quality models
ISO/IEC 25012:2008 Software engineering — Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Data quality model
ISO/IEC 25020:2019 Systems and software engineering — Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Quality measurement framework
ISO/IEC 25021:2012 Systems and software engineering — Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Quality measure elements
ISO/IEC 25022:2016 Systems and software engineering — Systems and software quality requirements and evaluation (SQuaRE) — Measurement of quality in use
ISO/IEC 25023:2016 Systems and software engineering — Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Measurement of system and software product quality
ISO/IEC 25024:2015 Systems and software engineering — Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Measurement of data quality
ISO/IEC TS 25025:2021 Information technology — Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Measurement of IT service quality
ISO/IEC 25030:2019 Systems and software engineering — Systems and software quality requirements and evaluation (SQuaRE) — Quality requirements framework
ISO/IEC 25040:2011 Systems and software engineering — Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Evaluation process
ISO/IEC 25041:2012 Systems and software engineering — Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Evaluation guide for developers, acquirers and independent evaluators
ISO/IEC 25045:2010 Systems and software engineering — Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Evaluation module for recoverability
ISO/IEC 25051:2014 Software engineering — Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Requirements for quality of Ready to Use Software Product (RUSP) and instructions for testing
ISO/IEC TR 25060:2010 Systems and software engineering — Systems and software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Common Industry Format (CIF) for usability: General framework for usability-related information
ISO/IEC 25062:2006 Software engineering — Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Common Industry Format (CIF) for usability test reports
ISO/IEC 25063:2014 Systems and software engineering — Systems and software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Common Industry Format (CIF) for usability: Context of use description
ISO/IEC 25064:2013 Systems and software engineering — Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Common Industry Format (CIF) for usability: User needs report
ISO 25065:2019 Systems and software engineering — Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Common Industry Format (CIF) for Usability: User requirements specification
ISO/IEC 25066:2016 Systems and software engineering — Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Common Industry Format (CIF) for Usability — Evaluation Report
ISO/IEC/IEEE 26511:2018 Systems and software engineering — Requirements for managers of information for users of systems, software, and services
ISO/IEC/IEEE 26512:2018 Systems and software engineering — Requirements for acquirers and suppliers of information for users
ISO/IEC/IEEE 26513:2017 Systems and software engineering — Requirements for testers and reviewers of information for users
ISO/IEC/IEEE 26514:2022 Systems and software engineering — Design and development of information for users
ISO/IEC/IEEE 26515:2018 Systems and software engineering — Developing information for users in an agile environment
ISO/IEC/IEEE 26531:2015 Systems and software engineering — Content management for product life-cycle, user and service management documentation
ISO/IEC 26550:2015 Software and systems engineering — Reference model for product line engineering and management
ISO/IEC 26551:2016 Software and systems engineering — Tools and methods for product line requirements engineering
ISO/IEC 26552:2019 Software and systems engineering — Tools and methods for product line architecture design
ISO/IEC 26553:2018 Information technology — Software and systems engineering — Tools and methods for product line realization
ISO/IEC 26554:2018 Information technology — Software and systems engineering — Tools and methods for product line testing
ISO/IEC 26555:2015 Software and systems engineering — Tools and methods for product line technical management
ISO/IEC 26556:2018 Information technology — Software and systems engineering — Tools and methods for product line organizational management
ISO/IEC 26557:2016 Software and systems engineering — Methods and tools for variability mechanisms in software and systems product line
ISO/IEC 26558:2017 Software and systems engineering — Methods and tools for variability modelling in software and systems product line
ISO/IEC 26559:2017 Software and systems engineering — Methods and tools for variability traceability in software and systems product line
ISO/IEC 26560:2019 Software and systems engineering — Tools and methods for product line product management
ISO/IEC 26561:2019 Software and systems engineering — Methods and tools for product line technical probe
ISO/IEC 26562:2019 Software and systems engineering — Methods and tools for product line transition management
ISO/IEC 26580:2021 Software and systems engineering — Methods and tools for the feature-based approach to software and systems product line engineering
ISO/IEC TR 29110-1:2016 Systems and software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) — Part 1: Overview
ISO/IEC 29110-2-1:2015 Software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) — Part 2-1: Framework and taxonomy
ISO/IEC 29110-3-2:2018 Systems and software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) — Part 3-2: Conformity certification scheme
ISO/IEC 29110-3-3:2016 Systems and software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Enterprises (VSEs) — Part 3-3: Certification requirements for conformity assessments of VSE profiles using process assessment and maturity models
ISO/IEC 29110-4-2:2021 Systems and software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) — Part 4-2: Software engineering: Profile specifications: Organizational management profile group
ISO/IEC 29110-4-3:2018 Systems and software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for very small entities (VSEs) — Part 4-3: Service delivery — Profile specification
ISO/IEC TR 29110-2-2:2016 Systems and software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) — Part 2-2: Guide for the development of domain-specific profiles
ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015 Systems and software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) — Part 3-4: Autonomy-based improvement method
ISO/IEC TR 29110-5-1-1:2012 Software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) — Part 5-1-1: Management and engineering guide: Generic profile group: Entry profile
ISO/IEC TR 29110-5-1-2:2011 Software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) — Part 5-1-2: Management and engineering guide: Generic profile group: Basic profile
ISO/IEC TR 29110-5-1-3:2017 Systems and software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) — Part 5-1-3: Software engineering — Management and engineering guide: Generic profile group — Intermediate profile
ISO/IEC TR 29110-5-1-4:2018 Systems and software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) — Part 5-1-4: Software engineering: Management and engineering guidelines: Generic profile group: Advanced profile
ISO/IEC TR 29110-5-2-1:2016 Systems and software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) — Part 5-2-1: Organizational management guidelines
ISO/IEC TR 29110-5-3:2018 Systems and software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) — Part 5-3: Service delivery guidelines
ISO/IEC TR 29110-5-6-1:2015 Systems and software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) — Part 5-6-1: Systems engineering — Management and engineering guide: Generic profile group: Entry profile
ISO/IEC TR 29110-5-6-2:2014 Systems and software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) — Part 5-6-2: Systems engineering — Management and engineering guide: Generic profile group: Basic profile
ISO/IEC TR 29110-5-6-3:2019 Systems and software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) — Part 5-6-3: Systems engineering: Management and engineering guide: Generic profile group: Intermediate profile
ISO/IEC 29110-2-1:2015/Amd 1:2022 Software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) — Part 2-1: Framework and taxonomy — Amendment 1: Update of references and editorial improvements
ISO/IEC 29110-4-1:2018 Systems and software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) — Part 4-1: Software engineering - Profile specifications: Generic profile group
ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-1:2020 Systems and software engineering — Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) — Part 3-1: Process assessment guidelines
ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119-1:2022 Software and systems engineering — Software testing — Part 1: General concepts
ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119-2:2021 Software and systems engineering — Software testing — Part 2: Test processes
ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119-3:2021 Software and systems engineering — Software testing — Part 3: Test documentation
ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119-4:2021 Software and systems engineering — Software testing — Part 4: Test techniques
ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119-5:2016 Software and systems engineering — Software testing — Part 5: Keyword-Driven Testing
ISO/IEC TR 29119-6:2021 Software and systems engineering — Software testing — Part 6: Guidelines for the use of ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119 (all parts) in agile projects
ISO/IEC TR 29119-11:2020 Software and systems engineering — Software testing — Part 11: Guidelines on the testing of AI-based systems
ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148:2018 Systems and software engineering — Life cycle processes — Requirements engineering
ISO/IEC 29155-1:2017 Systems and software engineering — Information technology project performance benchmarking framework — Part 1: Concepts and definitions
ISO/IEC 29155-2:2013 Systems and software engineering — Information technology project performance benchmarking framework — Part 2: Requirements for benchmarking
ISO/IEC 29155-3:2015 Systems and software engineering — Information technology project performance benchmarking framework — Part 3: Guidance for reporting
ISO/IEC 29155-4:2016 Systems and software engineering — Information technology project performance benchmarking framework — Part 4: Guidance for data collection and maintenance
ISO/IEC 29168-1:2011 Information technology — Open systems interconnection — Part 1: Object identifier resolution system
ISO/IEC 29168-2:2011 Information technology — Open systems interconnection — Part 2: Procedures for the object identifier resolution system operational agency
ISO/IEC 29169:2016 Information technology — Process assessment — Application of conformity assessment methodology to the assessment to process quality characteristics and organizational maturity
ISO/IEC 29881:2010 Information technology — Systems and software engineering — FiSMA 1.1 functional size measurement method
ISO/IEC TS 30103:2015 Software and Systems Engineering — Lifecycle Processes — Framework for Product Quality Achievement
ISO/IEC 30121:2015 Information technology — Governance of digital forensic risk framework
ISO/IEC 30130:2016 Software engineering — Capabilities of software testing tools
ISO/IEC/IEEE 31320-1:2012 Information technology — Modeling Languages — Part 1: Syntax and Semantics for IDEF0
ISO/IEC/IEEE 31320-2:2012 Information technology — Modeling Languages — Part 2: Syntax and Semantics for IDEF1X97 (IDEFobject)
ISO/IEC/IEEE 32430:2021 Software engineering — Trial use standard for software non-functional sizing measurements
ISO/IEC 33001:2015 Information technology — Process assessment — Concepts and terminology
ISO/IEC 33002:2015 Information technology — Process assessment — Requirements for performing process assessment
ISO/IEC 33003:2015 Information technology — Process assessment — Requirements for process measurement frameworks
ISO/IEC 33004:2015 Information technology — Process assessment — Requirements for process reference, process assessment and maturity models
ISO/IEC TR 33014:2013 Information technology — Process assessment — Guide for process improvement
ISO/IEC TR 33015:2019 Information technology — Process assessment — Guidance for process risk determination
ISO/IEC TR 33017:2021 Information technology — Process assessment — Framework for assessor training
ISO/IEC TR 33018:2019 Information technology — Process assessment — Guidance for assessor competency
ISO/IEC 33020:2019 Information technology — Process assessment — Process measurement framework for assessment of process capability
ISO/IEC TS 33030:2017 Information technology — Process assessment — An exemplar documented assessment process
ISO/IEC TS 33052:2016 Information technology — Process reference model (PRM) for information security management
ISO/IEC TS 33053:2019 Information technology — Process assessment — Process Reference Model (PRM) for quality management
ISO/IEC TS 33054:2020 Information technology — Process assessment — Process reference model for service management
ISO/IEC TS 33060:2020 Information technology — Process assessment — Process assessment model for system life cycle processes
ISO/IEC TS 33061:2021 Information technology — Process assessment — Process assessment model for software life cycle processes
ISO/IEC 33063:2015 Information technology — Process assessment — Process assessment model for software testing
ISO/IEC TS 33072:2016 Information technology — Process assessment — Process capability assessment model for information security management
ISO/IEC TS 33073:2017 Information technology — Process assessment — Process capability assessment model for quality management
ISO/IEC TS 33074:2020 Information technology — Process assessment — Process capability assessment model for service management
ISO/IEC 40210:2011 Information technology — W3C SOAP Version 1.2 Part 1: Messaging Framework (Second Edition)
ISO/IEC 40220:2011 Information technology — W3C SOAP Version 1.2 Part 2: Adjuncts (Second Edition)
ISO/IEC 40230:2011 Information technology — W3C SOAP Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism
ISO/IEC 40240:2011 Information technology — W3C Web Services Addressing 1.0 — Core
ISO/IEC 40250:2011 Information technology — W3C Web Services Addressing 1.0 — SOAP Binding
ISO/IEC 40260:2011 Information technology — W3C Web Services Addressing 1.0 — Metadata
ISO/IEC 40270:2011 Information technology — W3C Web Services Policy 1.5 — Framework
ISO/IEC 40280:2011 Information technology — W3C Web Services Policy 1.5 — Attachment
ISO/IEC 40500:2012 Information technology — W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0
ISO/IEC/IEEE 41062:2019 Software engineering — Recommended practice for software acquisition
ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011 Systems and software engineering — Architecture description
ISO/IEC/IEEE 42020:2019 Software, systems and enterprise — Architecture processes
ISO/IEC/IEEE 42030:2019 Software, systems and enterprise — Architecture evaluation framework
IEC 81001-5-1:2021 Health software and health IT systems safety, effectiveness and security — Part 5-1: Security — Activities in the product life cycle
IEC 82304-1:2016 Health software — Part 1: General requirements for product safety
ISO/TS 82304-2:2021 Health software — Part 2: Health and wellness apps — Quality and reliability
ISO/IEC/IEEE 90003:2018 Software engineering — Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001:2015 to computer software

三、标准查询

由于标准的状态包含制定、现行、取代、作废等。实际无论是国家标准、国际标准还是行业标准均在不断动态更新中。根据《新标准化法》第十七条规定“强制性标准文本应当免费向社会公开。国家推动免费向社会公开推荐性标准文本。”读者可以通过以下网站查询相关标准最新信息。

四、参考资料